Getting Ready to Buy a Home: Your Mortgage Preparation Checklist

Planning to buy a home? The key to a smooth mortgage approval is preparation. Here’s your step-by-step guide to getting mortgage-ready before you start house hunting.


Start 2-3 Months Before You Plan to Buy

This timeline gives you enough time to optimize your financial profile and address any potential issues that could slow down your approval or cost you better rates.


Step 1: Check and Optimize Your Credit Score

Your credit score is the single most important factor in determining your mortgage rate and loan options.

Pull Your Credit Reports Now

Review all three credit bureaus for errors, outdated information, or surprises that need addressing. Dispute any inaccuracies immediately — this process can take 30-45 days.

Understand Your Score Range

  • 740+: You’ll qualify for the best rates and most loan options
  • 680-739: Solid positioning for competitive terms on most programs
  • 620-679: You’ll likely get approved, but expect higher rates
  • Below 620: Focus on improving your score before applying

Take Action to Boost Your Score

Pay down credit card balances to below 50% of your credit limit — ideally below 30%. This is one of the fastest ways to improve your score. Even reducing one high-balance card can make a noticeable difference.

Don’t close old credit cards. Closing cards reduces your available credit and can hurt your score. Keep them open, even if you’re not using them.

Request credit limit increases if you can’t pay down balances quickly. A higher limit improves your debt-to-credit ratio, which can boost your score.

Avoid opening new credit in the months before applying. New inquiries and accounts can temporarily lower your score.


Step 2: Calculate Your Debt-to-Income Ratio

Lenders evaluate whether you can afford your monthly mortgage payment by comparing your debts to your income.

What Debts Count?

Only debts that appear on your credit report:

  • Credit card payments
  • Auto loans
  • Student loans (even if deferred)
  • Personal loans
  • Other mortgage or rent payments (if you have a co-borrower)

Good news: Utilities, cable, internet, cell phone bills, and other regular expenses don’t count toward your debt ratio.

Strategies to Improve Your Debt Profile

Pay down high-interest debt starting 2-3 months before applying. Focus on credit cards and personal loans first.

Consider a 401(k) loan to pay off debt. These loans don’t count against you for mortgage qualification, so borrowing from your retirement to eliminate monthly debt payments can actually help you qualify for more.

Avoid taking on new debt like car loans or large purchases on credit. Wait until after you close on your home.

Keep making student loan payments even if they’re on deferment — this demonstrates responsible debt management.


Step 3: Document Your Income

How you document income depends on your employment situation. Start gathering paperwork now.

If You’re a W-2 Employee

What you’ll need:

  • Recent pay stubs (typically last 30 days)
  • W-2 forms from the past two years
  • Employment verification

If you have overtime, bonuses, or commissions: These can help you qualify for more, but lenders average them over two years. Make sure you have documentation showing consistent earnings in these categories.

Recent raise? Your new salary can often be used immediately — bring proof of the increase.

If You’re Self-Employed

What you’ll need:

  • Two years of personal tax returns (sometimes just one year if you have a long self-employment history)
  • Business tax returns if applicable
  • Profit and loss statements
  • Bank statements

Pro tip: Plan ahead with your mortgage professional before filing your next tax return. How you report income can significantly impact what you qualify for. Sometimes small adjustments in how deductions are structured can make a big difference.

Alternative Documentation Options

If traditional documentation doesn’t work for your situation, ask about:

  • Bank statement programs (using deposits to qualify)
  • CPA-prepared profit and loss statements
  • Asset-based qualification programs

Step 4: Save for Your Down Payment

You don’t need 20% down to buy a home. Many programs require much less.

Know Your Options

  • Conventional loans: As low as 3% down for first-time buyers
  • FHA loans: 3.5% down
  • VA loans: 0% down for eligible veterans
  • USDA loans: 0% down for eligible rural properties

Down Payment Sources

Your savings: Personal or business bank accounts

Gift funds: Family members can gift you money for your down payment. This is completely acceptable and commonly used — just make sure it’s properly documented.

Down payment assistance programs: Many state and local programs offer grants or low-interest loans to help with down payments.

Retirement accounts: In some cases, you can use retirement funds without penalty for a first-time home purchase.

Keep Your Down Payment Money Visible

Lenders need to verify where your down payment comes from. For 2-3 months before applying:

  • Keep funds in the same account
  • Avoid large deposits that you can’t explain
  • If someone is gifting you money, coordinate the timing and documentation

Step 5: Get Pre-Approved Before You Shop

Don’t skip this step. A pre-approval tells you exactly what you can afford and shows sellers you’re a serious buyer.

Pre-Approval vs. Pre-Qualification

  • Pre-qualification: A quick estimate based on basic information
  • Pre-approval: A thorough review of your credit, income, and assets with conditional approval from a lender

Always get pre-approved before making an offer. In competitive markets, sellers often won’t even consider offers without pre-approval letters.


What to Avoid While Preparing

Don’t change jobs if possible. Lenders like to see employment stability. If you must change jobs, stay in the same field and ideally increase your income.

Don’t make large purchases on credit. That new car or furniture can impact your debt ratio and disqualify you from the loan amount you need.

Don’t move money around without documentation. Large transfers between accounts raise red flags and require explanation.

Don’t let anyone run your credit unnecessarily. Multiple hard inquiries can lower your score.


Ready to Start Your Home Buying Journey?

With 2-3 months of preparation, you can position yourself for the best possible mortgage terms. Get your credit optimized, document your income, save your down payment, and get pre-approved before you start shopping.

Let’s get you mortgage-ready. Contact us today to review your specific situation and create your personalized preparation plan.

Read this Blog Post about how much Down Payment you need